Receptor Theory

Introduction In the first two articles of “Fun with Physiology,” we addressed how electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride affect cellular action potentials.  If you have not read these articles, I would recommend doing so because they...

Elusive Endocrinology

When EMS providers think about endocrine emergencies, patients suffering from Addison’s disease, Cushing’s syndrome, and Graves’ disease are not typically what comes to mind. Utilizing real-life EMS cases, this article will highlight why it is important for EMS...

Uncommon Names for Common Fractures

Learning the mechanisms of injury associated with Malgaigne fractures, Chance fractures and Jefferson fractures allow EMS providers to stabilize and treat appropriately Prehospital providers frequently encounter patients with various fractures and related injuries....

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome and Serotonin Syndrome

Case Study You are called to a private residence by police at 8:30 p.m. on a combative and agitated patient. Upon arrival, you find a 26-year-old male in the kitchen who is pacing back and forth with clenched fists and appears very aggressive. The patient keeps...